Long walk to Freedom

The history of Gypsy and Traveller people in the United Kingdom is a story of both persecution and resistance. Claire Rice looks at some of the key dates, laws and acts that have defined our history in the United Kingdom.

Historical Timeline of Nomadic Gypsies and Travellers in England

1505

First recorded arrival of Romani people in England.

1530

Egyptians Act bans Romani people from entering England; existing residents must leave or face deportation.

1554

Amended Egyptians Act allows Romani people to stay if they abandon their “Romani lifestyle”.

1780s

English Romanichal communities well-established, traveling across southern and central England.

1880s

Growth of “Showmen” Traveller families working in fairs and circuses.

1960

Caravans Sites and Control of Development Act gives local authorities power to control unauthorised camping.

1994

Criminal Justice and Public Order Act removes the duty on councils to provide sites.

2000s

Push for more authorised sites following human rights challenges; rise of private site development.

2011

Census in England and Wales includes “Gypsy or Irish Traveller” as a separate ethnic category for the first time.

2022

Police, Crime, Sentencing and Courts Act introduces tougher penalties for unauthorised encampments.

2024

Advocacy campaigns continue to fight site shortfalls and defend nomadic rights.